RE: A paper by Amit Klein (Trusteer): "OpenBSD DNS Cache Poisoning and Multiple O/S Predictable IP ID Vulnerability"
- From: Amit Klein <amit.klein@xxxxxxxxxxxx>
- Date: Wed, 06 Feb 2008 23:41:19 +0200
The paper
(http://www.trusteer.com/docs/OpenBSD_DNS_Cache_Poisoning_and_Multiple_OS_Predictable_IP_ID_Vulnerability.pdf)
describes how to predict IP ID of various (BSD style) operating systems.
This can be used for "blind TCP data injection" The latter term is a
technique described by Michal Zalewski, and the paper references 2
BugTraq submissions by Zalewski that nicely explain this concept. These
are (from the paper):
[27] “A new TCP/IP blind data injection technique?” (BugTraq mailing
list post),
Michal Zalewski, December 10th, 2003
http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/347130
[28] “Breaking the checksum (a new TCP/IP blind data injection technique)”
(BugTraq mailing list post), Michal Zalewski, December 14th, 2003
http://www.securityfocus.com/archive/1/347556
The idea is (pardon me for any simplification or inaccuracy) to use
fragmentation in TCP communication in order to inject a fragment (rather
than a complete TCP datagram). For this, you need to devise a fragment
with the same checksum as the one you replace (this is easy if you can
predict the content of the fragment you replace, as discussed in the
second item). But you also need to predict the IP ID used throughout the
datagram fragments. And this is where the paper findings come in handy.
HTH,
-Amit
-----Original Message-----
From: Tim Newsham [mailto:newsham@xxxxxxxx]
Sent: Wednesday, February 06, 2008 19:48
To: Amit Klein
Cc: bugtraq@xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx
Subject: Re: A paper by Amit Klein (Trusteer): "OpenBSD DNS
Cache Poisoning and Multiple O/S Predictable IP ID Vulnerability"
> Interestingly enough, OpenBSD uses a flavor of this PRNG
for another
> field, this time the IP fragmentation ID, part of the
OpenBSD kernel
> network stack. The analysis carries out quite similarly to
show that
> OpenBSD's IP ID is predictable as well, which gives way to O/S
> fingerprinting, idle-scanning, host alias detection,
traffic analysis,
> and in some cases, even to TCP blind data injection.
Can you expound upon the blind TCP injection allowed by IP ID
prediction?
> Amit Klein
> CTO Trusteer
Tim Newsham
http://www.thenewsh.com/~newsham/
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